Mission;Impossible

Mystery TV Themes: MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE
Spotlighting the great themes from mystery/crime TV shows ...

(aka 'Mission Impossible: The Complete First Season')

directed by Leonard Horn, Charles R. Rondeau, Bernard L. Kowalski and Marc Daniels
USA 1966 -67

An elite covert operations unit carries out highly sensitive missions subject to official denial in the event of failure, death or capture...




The head of the "Impossible Missions Force", a top-secret government group of operatives, is secretly communicated his next assignment. The elaborate use of electronic gadgetry, masters of disguise and detailed plans that require split-second timing made this TV show an "on the edge of your seater"! In Season One Briggs (Steven Hill) assembles a team that includes a master of disguise (Martin Landau), a femme fatale (Barbara Bain), an electronics whiz (Greg Morris), an incredibly strong man (Peter Lupus) and an occasional guest star as a supplemental addition to the team


MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE
In this influential spy series (1966-73, 1988-90) a super-secret government agency called the "Impossible Missions Force" is given secret anonymous covert missions, often relying on high-tech equipment and elaborate deceptions. The original series won several awards, with a rotating cast that included Steven Hill, Peter Graves, Martin Landau, Barbara Bain, Greg Morris, Peter Lupus, Leonard Nimoy, and more. Fifteen years after the original, Jim Phelps (Graves) was pulled out of retirement to assemble a new team of agents.

One of the most copied tunes of all time, the familiar theme to Mission: Impossible was created by composer and conductor Lalo Schifren. Best known for his music for film and television—ranging from Dirty Harry, Enter the Dragon and Rush Hour to Mannix, Medical Center, Starsky & Hutch and Planet of The Apes—the composer and pianist has also had historic impact in the jazz and classical worlds. See his bio here.

Mission: Impossible theme at Mark Little's MyThemes.tv
Episode guide(s) at TV.com.
History of the series at the Museum of Broadcast Communications
Mission: Impossible DVD news at TVShowsOnDVD.com


Mission: Impossible
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Mission: Impossible

Original series logo
Format Espionage
Created by Bruce Geller
Starring Peter Graves (with various other cast members, see below)
Theme music composer Lalo Schifrin
Country of origin United States
No. of seasons 7 (1966-1973)
2 (1988-1990)
No. of episodes 171 (1966-1973)
35 (1988-1990)
206 (total episodes) (List of episodes)
Production
Running time approx. 0:51 (per episode)
Broadcast
Original channel CBS
Original run September 1966 – March 1973
External links
IMDb profile
TV.com summary
Mission: Impossible is an American television series that chronicles the missions of a team of secret American government agents known as the Impossible Missions Force (IMF). For most of the show's run, Peter Graves played Jim Phelps, the IMF leader.

The series aired on the CBS network from September 1966 to March 1973. It returned to television for two seasons on ABC, from 1988 to 1990 and later inspired a popular trio of theatrical motion pictures in the 1990s and 2000s.

The theme music, composed by Lalo Schifrin, is widely considered to be one of the most iconic television themes.

Contents [hide]
1 Series overview
1.1 IMF leaders
1.2 Cold War subtext
1.3 Adversaries unrelated to the Cold War
1.4 Fifth season
2 Format
2.1 Tape scene
2.2 Dossier scene
2.3 Apartment scene
2.4 Plan
2.5 Episode Locations
2.6 Variations
2.7 Conclusion
3 Awards
4 Inspirations and innovations
5 Revivals
6 Series cast
6.1 Notable guest stars
6.2 Revival cast
7 Episodes
8 Original novels
9 Related items
10 Home video
11 Feature films
12 In popular culture
13 Notes
14 Bibliography
15 External links



[edit] Series overview
The series, which was created and initially produced by Bruce Geller, follows the missions of the Impossible Missions Force (IMF), a team of secret agents employed by the United States government. The team is sent on covert missions to combat dictators, evil organizations, and (primarily in later episodes) crime lords. On occasion, the IMF is also shown conducting unsanctioned, private missions on behalf of its members. The exact branch of the government overseeing the IMF is never identified, and in the 1980s revival it was suggested the IMF is an independent agency (as the FBI is legally bound to operate only within the U.S.A. and the CIA is likewise bound to only conduct its business outside the U.S.A.) until the first film which was made at the Langley, VA headquarters of the CIA. The IMF Director answered to "the Secretary," whom the mission voice said "would disavow any knowledge of your actions" in the event "you or any of your IM Force" were to get "caught or killed," but exactly which secretary was never indicated.


[edit] IMF leaders
The leader of the IMF, presumably with the official title of Director, was initially Dan Briggs (played by Steven Hill); he was replaced (for reasons never explained on the show) after the first season by Jim Phelps (Peter Graves), who remained as the leader for the remainder of the original series and again in the 1988-90 revival.

Hill was an Orthodox Jew, and he had to leave on Fridays at 4:00 to be home before sundown. He was not available until sundown the next day. Even if shooting was in the middle of a scene, Mr. Hill would simply walk out on Fridays at 4:00. He was able to do this because it was in his contract, but it didn't go over very well. They tried to shoot around his absences, but it was difficult and disruptive. By the end of the first year, both parties were glad to release him from his contract, and he was replaced by Peter Graves.[1]

Briggs and Phelps were the only "full-time" members of the IMF, and they were charged with forming mission teams made up of "part-time" agents who came from a variety of professions and walks of life. Briggs/Phelps chose his operatives based upon whether they had a particular skill to contribute to the mission. There was a core group of three or four agents who were regularly chosen, but the episodes do not always feature the same regulars, and many episodes feature one-time "guest star" agents who are assigned based upon a unique skill.

For an example, the regular agent line-up during the first season consists of: Cinnamon Carter (Barbara Bain), a fashion model and actress; Barney Collier, (Greg Morris) a mechanical and electronics genius and owner of Collier Electronics; Willy Armitage, (Peter Lupus) a world record-holding weight lifter; and Rollin Hand, (Martin Landau) a noted actor, make-up artist, escape artist, and magician. As actors left the series over time, other agents became regulars; Barney and Willy were the only agents to remain throughout the full run of the original series. Collier also appeared in two episodes of the revival series, in which the character's son, Grant Collier (Greg Morris's real-life son Phil Morris), is an IMF agent. Replacements often incorporated the skills of their predecessors. For example, "The Great Paris", (Leonard Nimoy) Hand's replacement in the fourth and fifth seasons, was also an actor, make-up artist and magician. In seasons six and seven, Paris was replaced by a female master of disguise, Lisa Casey (Lynda Day George), who also incorporated elements of Cinnamon Carter.


[edit] Cold War subtext
Although a Cold War subtext is present throughout the series, the actual "Cold War" between the United States and the Soviet Union is rarely mentioned over the course of the series. (See, for example, the mission objectives for "The Trial" and "The Confession" in Season 1.) However, in the early years many of the targets appear to be the leaders of Slavic or anonymous Baltic countries; major named enemy countries include the "European People's Republic" and the "Eastern European Republic". Additionally, fictitious, Slavic-seeming languages were used, or even real Russian (in the Season 1 episode "The Carriers," one of the bad guys reads a book whose title is written in Russian and says "Na Voina", which means "about war"); police vehicles are often labelled as such with words such as "polǐiçia", and "pőĮįia", and a gas line would be labelled "Gaz." (This "language," referred to by the production team as "Gellerese," was invented specifically to be readable by non-speakers of Slavic languages; their generous use of it was actually intended as a source of comic relief.) Uniforms of the target regime frequently include peaked caps, jackboots, and Sam Browne belts, hinting at connections with Nazi Germany or the Warsaw Pact.


[edit] Adversaries unrelated to the Cold War
The IMF is also assigned to bring down corrupt politicians and dictators of Third World countries unrelated to the Cold War, such as a particularly brutal practitioner of apartheid or corrupt Central or South American nations, as well as organized crime figures, corrupt businessmen and politicians in the U.S. As noted in the reference work The Complete "Mission: Impossible" Dossier by Patrick White, many IMF missions were essentially assassinations in disguise; in the first-season episode "Memory" it is established that the unspecified government agency behind the IMF has forbidden it to commit outright assassinations "as a matter of policy," and many missions therefore involve the IMF creating circumstances such as distrust and discreditation that often resulted (a la COINTELPRO) in villains being killed by their own people or other enemies. A notable example is the second season two-part story "The Council," later released to European movie houses under the title Mission Impossible vs. the Mob, in which the IMF, with premeditation, creates a circumstance in which the villain will inevitably be killed by his own men. There is some inconsistency in this policy and, as an example, the sadistic camp commander in "Snowball in Hell" is killed directly by the team. Gunplay is relatively rare on the part of the IMF since its methods for accomplishing its various missions tend to be those used by con men to fleece the gullible, although several episodes in the early seasons (for example, the second season episode, "The Spy", as well as in the pilot episode) do show the agents shooting people in the course of their missions, when necessary (usually underlings or enemy soldiers).


[edit] Fifth season
During the fifth season, White notes, the producers began to phase out the international missions, deciding instead to task the IMF with battling organized crime figures (though there was still the occasional international mission). These gangland bosses are usually associated with the "Syndicate," a generic organization, or its franchises. Generally when describing such assignments the tape message noted that the target was outside the reach of "conventional law enforcement." The objective of such missions was usually simply to obtain evidence admissible in court or to trick the mobsters into making a confession while being recorded. In the view of many followers of the series, this began to reduce it to the level of almost any crime drama then on the air, and they were disappointed.


[edit] Format
Mission: Impossible is noted for its format which rarely changes throughout the series. Indeed the opening scenes acquired a ritualistic feel, befitting the "quasi-official" aura the program sought for the clandestine operations it showcases.


[edit] Tape scene
Most episodes of the series begin with the team leader arriving at some public place -- a park, a penny arcade, a store, etc. where, invariably after sharing a few words with a clerk or attendant (using a code sentence to signal to them that he is after the recording), he will find a hidden recording. The most familiar format of this recording was reel to reel tape played on a small recorder, but in the first few seasons of the series, Briggs/Phelps would receive the briefing using any manner of playback device such as phonograph records and slide-tape projection machines, and in one early episode ("Memory"), Briggs receives his instructions on a business card. An envelope of photographs of the primary "targets" of the assignment usually accompanied the recording, and the team leader would be shown flipping through these while listening to the recorded message. These recordings were always placed in an inconspicuous place.

Aside from giving Briggs/Phelps the basics of the mission, the recording always indicated that the IMF leader had the option of refusing the mission ("Your mission, should you decide to accept it..."), and that should any team member be caught or killed, the Secretary would "disavow any knowledge of your actions" (in the history of the series, this happened only once when an IMF agent died during the 1988 revival season). At this point the message needed to be destroyed in order to maintain secrecy; the most famous rendition of this is the recorded voice's advisory, "This tape will self-destruct in five seconds", at which time the tape would disintegrate in a cloud of smoke. Until this became standard, Briggs and Phelps would also often be requested to destroy the tape manually, usually by tossing it into a nearby furnace, nearby vat of acid; or even disposing of it in a large container of water, which, because it was coated with special chemicals, would cause the tape to instantly decompose.

A unique situation occurred with the tape scene in the first season episode "Action!" Due to the absence of actor Steven Hill, who portrayed Briggs. the taped message was received by agent Cinnamon Carter, the only time someone other than Phelps or Briggs received the briefing.

In the 1980s revival, the message arrived on miniature DVD-like discs, played on a disposable miniature video player with a built-in screen, which as usual would self-destruct after being played.

These briefings were read by voice actor Bob Johnson in the original series and the 1988 revival (the aforementioned episode "Memory" is the only regular-format episode in which Johnson was not heard), but the identity of the character was never revealed, nor was his face ever shown. (It is presumed that this is not the Secretary himself; whoever it is they evidence a familiarity with Briggs and Phelps, enough so to be on a first name basis with them). The film Mission: Impossible revealed the name of the person behind the messages in the film as Eugene Kittridge, played by Henry Czerny. In the second film, the voice behind the messages was given the name Swanbeck and was played by Anthony Hopkins. The voice in the third film is that of IMF agent Ethan Hunt's superior, played by Billy Crudup. It is not known if any of the film characters correspond to the TV version.

There were a handful of exceptions to the "message from the Secretary". In the fifth season the producers experimented with the format by eliminating the taped briefing, starting the episode with the mission already underway. In a few other cases, a personal matter involving Briggs, Phelps or an IMF operative would result in an "off-book" mission being undertaken. Peter Graves, who played the role of Jim Phelps, once said the entire season's worth of "tape scenes" were usually filmed all at once prior to production of the rest of the episodes, and that he never knew which tape scene would appear with which episode until broadcast.


[edit] Dossier scene
Next would follow what White refers to as the "Dossier Scene." Briggs or Phelps would be shown in a high-class apartment (presumably his own or an IMF-sponsored safe house), retrieving an oversized, leather-bound dossier folder from a locked drawer. Inside this folder were plastic-wrapped dossiers (usually featuring standard 8x10 "glossies" of the respective actors) of the available IMF agents. Briggs/Phelps would be shown contemplating the various agents, putting some aside, and tossing the selected agents' dossiers onto a table (according to White, one of the never-chosen dossiers was a photograph of Bruce Geller himself).

In early seasons the agents selected often included guest stars playing agents with skills not present among the usual team. A doctor, particularly a specialist in a condition known to afflict the target, was a common sort of "guest agent". In numerous early episodes the IMF leader would choose only one or two team members, though at least one of the main credited cast members was always involved. In later seasons the team was much more stable, consisting of the leader and the regular cast of the season, and the use of guest agents became markedly less frequent.

In the pilot episode, it is stated the team leaders have unlimited resources and wide discretion in choosing their team. Presumably the actual plan is settled on based in part on the agents available, an evaluation of the goal, etc. Whether the leader arrives at the plan independently or has assistance in developing it is never made clear. These preparations and the logistics are never shown though are generally implied by the scenes that depict various steps of the process by which the team undertakes its mission. IMF protocol seems to be rapid deployment as it is implied only a short period of time lapses from the initial assignment until the team is in the field.


[edit] Apartment scene
In the third segment of the opening act, called the "Apartment Scene" by White, the team would next be shown convening for their final briefing in the leader's apartment. Although the series was in color, the set and the costumes in this scene—everything in frame—was always black, white, or shades of gray. It was sometimes referred to off-camera as the black and white room. An exception was the briefing in the aforementioned first-season episode "Action!", which took place in a beauty salon and the briefings were picked up by Cinnamon Carter.

The "Apartment Scene" acted as a teaser; in discussing the plan to achieve the objective of the mission and their role in executing it the team members would make vague references to preparations necessary for its successful execution while leaving most details undisclosed. This scene also demonstrated—and thereby established credibility for—various gadgets or ploys that were key to the plan, such as a TV camera hidden in a brooch, a miniature radio-controlled hovercraft, a chess-playing computer, a "mentalist" or sleight-of-hand act, or even a trained animal. This scene in addition would establish, or at least hint at, the specialties and role in the plan of any "guest star" agents. Team members posing questions about aspects of the plan or why an alternative wasn't considered provided the writers an opportunity to offer explanations for what otherwise might have seemed plot holes. And often Phelps in summing up would stress the difficulties in the action they were about to undertake or some key element of the plan vital to its success, such as a deadline by which the mission was to be completed.

During the fifth season the producers decided to phase out the tape scene, dossier scene and the apartment scenes. By the end of the season, however, it had been decided to keep the tape and apartment scenes, but the dossier-choosing scene was eliminated for the rest of the series run. The 1980s revival reinstated the "dossier scene" in the first episode when Phelps selected his new team, but since he kept the same team in subsequent episodes no subsequent dossier scenes were made.


[edit] Plan
The episode then depicted the plan being put into action. This almost always involved very elaborate deceptions, usually several at one time. Facilitating this, certain team members had among their skills being masters of disguise able to enact a role to insert themselves onto the target's staff, impersonate/replace a member of the staff or sometimes even taking the place of the target themselves. This was accomplished by the donning of elaborate latex masks and makeup. Some impersonations were done with the explicit cooperation of the one being impersonated. Also bona fides would be arranged ("the letter from Chicago was sent Monday") to aid infiltrating the target organization. In some cases, the impersonation was facilitated for filming purposes by having the actor playing the IMF agent also cast as the person to be impersonated (this most frequently occurred during Martin Landau's tenure on the series); in other cases, a guest-starring actor would provide either the physical performance or overdubbed vocal performance to make Hand's, Paris' or Casey's impersonations perfect.

A few early episodes of the first season included a scene depicting the painstaking creation and application of these masks, usually by disguise and makeup expert Rollin Hand. This was later omitted as the series progressed and the audience presumably became familiar with the mechanics of the team's methods. In the 1980s revival, the mask-making process involved a digital camera and computer and was mostly automatic. Most episodes included a dramatic "reveal" (also referred to as the "peel-off") near the end of the episode in which the team member would remove the mask.

Various technological methods were commonly used as well. The team would often re-route telephone or radio calls so these could be answered by their own members. Faked radio or television broadcasts were common, as were elevators placed under the team's control. In some missions a very extensive simulated setting was created, such as a faked train journey, submarine voyage, aftermath of a major disaster, or even the taking over of the United States by a foreign government. A particularly elaborate ploy, used on more than one occasion, saw the IMF work to convince their target that several years had passed while the target was in a coma or similar condition. In one episode the IMF even convinced their target (an aging mobster played by William Shatner) that he had somehow traveled back in time.

The team would usually arrange for some situation to arise with which the target would have to deal in a predictable way, and the team would then arrange the circumstances to guide the outcome to the desired end. Often the plans turned on elaborate psychology, such as exploiting rivalries or an interest in the supernatural. Many plans simply caused the target to become confused or erratic or irrational, lose self-assurance, lose trust in subordinates or partners, etc., so that either the target would do what the team wanted (by falling back on predictable acts of desperation), or else the target's subordinates would replace the target and then act according to the team's predictions.

These various ploys would usually result in either information being revealed to the team, or the target's disgrace and discreditation, or both.

In many early episodes the mission was to "neutralize" the target and it was made clear that the target was ultimately shot by his superiors, staff, or rivals, though this was usually not shown on screen. In later seasons where the targets were usually organized crime figures or similar, the goal of the mission was often simply to collect incriminating evidence not obtainable by "conventional law-enforcement agencies." The team wasn't above falsifying evidence if authentic evidence couldn't be obtained.

Dramatic tension was provided by situations in which team members appeared in danger of being discovered (especially before commercial breaks). Sometimes unexpected events occurred that forced the team to improvise. On occasion an outside party or one of the targets realized what was happening and put the success of the plan at risk.

According to White, William Read Woodfield and Allan Balter, who served as story consultants for the first two seasons and became producers of the third season, relied heavily on The Big Con, written by David W. Maurer, for their inspiration. Hence Briggs/Phelps became the "grifter-in-charge;" Rollin Hand and Cinnamon Carter were highly effective "ropers," and Barney Collier and Willy Armitage were experts at building and/or equipping "big stores."


[edit] Episode Locations
The original series was filmed almost excusively around Hollywood and around the Los Angeles Basin as were many other series during that period. Pasadena and the Caltech campus were common locations. Another noted location was the Bradbury Building used in other films and series. Two pilot made-for-TV films both titled "Call to Danger" noted in the Dossier were also produced with Graves in the LA area.

The later revival was shot primarily in Australia.


[edit] Variations
Several times the series deviated from the standard format. In one episode of the original series, a gangster kidnapped the daughter of a friend of Dan Briggs and forced him to kidnap a witness against him. In another, one mistake caused Cinnamon Carter to be exposed and captured by the villains, and Jim Phelps prepared a plan to rescue her. Another episode had Willy caught by the bad guys at the beginning and the episode revolved around his rescue. Other episodes featured Phelps on personal missions when he returned to his home for a visit; on one occasion he was captured and the team had to rescue him, on another he involved the team in an attempt to solve a series of murders among his childhood acquaintances. In the 1980s series, former IMF agent Barney Collier was framed for a crime he didn't commit and the IMF team had to rescue him, leading to a reuniting of Barney with his son and IMF agent Grant Collier (in real life played by father-and-son Greg and Phil Morris).


[edit] Conclusion
The last element of the M:I format was the conclusion of each episode. Very rarely did any sort of epilogue occur; in most cases, the action lasted right up to the final seconds, with the episode often ending in a freeze frame as the IMF team made their escape, another successful mission concluded. Most often they left in a nondescript panel truck, although at least once they left in a station wagon and once in a Mercedes Benz sedan. In the 1980s revival, this format was altered with the addition of a tag scene showing the IMF team regrouping (often still in disguise) and walking away from the site of their concluded mission, often accompanied by a quip uttered by Jim Phelps.


[edit] Awards
Mission: Impossible, Golden Globe award, best show, 1968
Barbara Bain, Emmy Award, best actress, 1967
Barbara Bain, Emmy Award, best actress, 1968
Barbara Bain, Emmy Award, best actress, 1969
Bruce Geller, Emmy Award, best writer, best producer, 1967
Peter Graves, Golden Globe award, best actor, 1971
Martin Landau, Golden Globe award, best actor, 1968
Jerome Ross (writer), Edgar Award, best episode in a TV series ("Operation Rogosh"), 1967

[edit] Inspirations and innovations
A key inspiration for Geller in creating the series was the 1964 Jules Dassin film Topkapi, innovative for its coolly existential depiction of an elaborate heist. Geller switched the story away from the criminals of Topkapi to the good guys of the IMF, but kept Dassin's style of minimal dialogue, prominent music scoring and clockwork-precision plots executed by a team of diverse specialists. Several episodes in fact show close-up shots of an agent's wristwatch to convey the suspense of working on a deadline.

One of the more controversial points of Geller's was his insistence on minimizing character development. This was done intentionally both because he felt that seeing the characters as tabula rasas would make them more convincing in undercover work, and because he wanted to keep the focus on the caper and off the characters themselves. Geller would even veto the writers' attempts to develop the characters in the episodes. This is why, at least until Geller's departure from the show (and actually afterwards as well), the IMF agents would only have one scene at Jim's apartment where they interacted, and they were rarely if ever seen in their "real" lives.

As a side effect of this, cast turnover was never once explained on the show. None of the main characters ever died or were disavowed in the original series, but a character could disappear in an interval of one episode without mention or acknowledgment. The 1980s revival, however, did kill off a main character on screen; Bruce Geller died on 27 May, 1978 in a plane crash in Santa Barbara, CA, so was unable to potentially veto the decision.[2] The Mimi Davis character is the only one shown on screen being recruited as an IMF agent.

The producers of Mission: Impossible were sued for plagiarism by the creators of a show called 21 Beacon Street. The suit was settled out of court. Geller claimed never to have seen the earlier show. (Beacon Street's story editor, Laurence Heath, would later write several episodes of M:I.)

Writer William Read Woodfield was a fan of David Maurer's nonfiction book about con artists, The Big Con (also an unofficial inspiration for The Sting), and many episodes are strikingly similar to cons described in the book.

Part of each episode's title sequence was unique, as it was composed of a number of very short clips of key scenes from the subject episode. This was, and remains, very rare for series television. (However, a few years later, the British science fiction TV series Space: 1999—also starring M:I expatriates Martin Landau and Barbara Bain—would take the same approach with its title sequence. The reimagined Battlestar Galactica TV series also uses this device.) This created some production difficulties as the title sequence for an episode could not be completed until after most of the principal photography and editing was done. Most series' title sequences are composed once per season at most.

Mission: Impossible is still recognized for its innovative use of music. Composer Lalo Schifrin wrote several distinctive pieces for the series. The visual cuts in the main title sequence were timed to the beats and measures of the theme tune—written in (unusual) 5/4 time—while an animated burning fuse moved across the screen. Most episodes included fairly long dialogue-free sequences showing the team members—particularly electronics expert Barney Collier—making technical preparations for the mission, usually to the accompaniment of another easily–recognizable tune called "The Plot." Lalo Schifrin also wrote a theme piece for each main character and the sound track for each episode incorporated variations of these throughout. The series had great impact on film and TV music. Before Mission: Impossible, a common compliment for film and TV music was along the lines of "it worked very well but never got in the way or called attention to itself." By contrast, Mission: Impossible was praised for the prominence of its music.

At 171 episodes, the original version of Mission: Impossible currently holds the record for having the most episodes of any English-language espionage television series (about 10 more episodes than its nearest rival, the UK-produced The Avengers).

Reruns of Mission: Impossible are still shown daily on some TV stations and the cable service AmericanLife TV.


[edit] Revivals
In 1980, media reports indicated that a reunion of the original cast was in the planning stages, for a project to be called Mission: Impossible '81. Ultimately this project was delayed into 1982 and 1983 (with the working title suitably updated) before being cancelled altogether.

In 1988, the American fall television season was hampered by a writers' strike that prevented the commissioning of new scripts. Producers, anxious to provide new product for viewers but with the prospect of a lengthy strike, went into the vaults for previously written material. Star Trek: The Next Generation, for example, used scripts written for an aborted Star Trek series proposed for the 1970s. The ABC network decided to launch a new Mission: Impossible series, with a mostly new cast (except for Peter Graves, who would return as Phelps), but using scripts from the original series, suitably updated. To save even more on production costs, the series was filmed in Australia; the first series in Queensland, and the second series in Melbourne. Costs were, at that time, some 20 percent lower in Australia than in Hollywood. The new Mission: Impossible was one of the first American commercial network programs to be filmed in Australia.

According to Patrick White's book, the original plan was for the series to be an actual remake/reimaginging of the original series, with the new cast playing the same characters from the original series: Rollin Hand, Cinnamon Carter, et al. Just before filming began, White writes, the decision was made to rework the characters so that they were now original creations, albeit still patterned after the originals, with only Jim Phelps remaining unchanged.

The new series was not a hit, but it was produced cheaply enough to keep it on the ABC schedule. The new M:I ultimately lasted for two years; the writers' strike was resolved quickly enough that only a few episodes were actual remakes, which, along with the decision to change the character names and backgrounds, resulted in the series being considered a continuation of the original series, rather than simply a remake.

The original series formula described above was largely repeated in the second Mission: Impossible series of the 1980s, though the writers took some liberties and tried to stretch the rules somewhat. Most notably, by the time of the revival series, the Impossible Mission Force was no longer a small, clandestine operation, but larger in scale, with references now made to IMF divisions and additional teams similar to the one run by Phelps. One episode of the later series featured the only occasion in which a regular IMF agent was killed on a mission and subsequently disavowed. The 1980s series also had IMF agents using technology that nearly pushed the series into the realm of science fiction, such as one gadget that could record dreams.

The revived series included special appearances by several 1960s–1970s IMF veterans, including appearances by Lynda Day George and by Greg Morris as Barney; Morris's son, Phil Morris, played Barney's son in the new series.

In 1997, Barbara Bain reprised the role of Cinnamon Carter for an episode of Diagnosis Murder entitled "Discards". She appeared in the episode alongside Phil Morris, as well as 1960s spy series veterans Robert Culp (I Spy), Robert Vaughn (The Man from U.N.C.L.E.) and Patrick Macnee (The Avengers), and was the only member of this ensemble to play her original character.[3]

See also: Mission: Impossible (1988 TV series)

[edit] Series cast
In order of appearance in the series:

Bob Johnson as the Voice on Tape (uncredited, voice only; all seasons)
Steven Hill as Team Leader Dan Briggs (Season 1)
Barbara Bain as Cinnamon Carter (Seasons 1–3)
Martin Landau as Rollin Hand (Seasons 1–3; Landau was considered a guest star during the first season, even though he appeared in all but two episodes)
Peter Lupus as Willy Armitage (Seasons 1–7; alternated with Sam Elliott during season 5)
Greg Morris as Barney Collier (Seasons 1–7)
Peter Graves as Team Leader Jim Phelps (Seasons 2–7)
Leonard Nimoy as The Great Paris (Seasons 4–5)
Lesley Ann Warren as Dana Lambert (Season 5 - credited as Lesley Warren)
Sam Elliott as Dr. Doug Robert a.k.a. Lang (alternated with Lupus during Season 5 and appeared in one Season 6 episode)
Lynda Day George as Casey (Seasons 6–7)
Barbara Anderson as Mimi Davis (appeared in about 10 episodes of Season 7 when George was on maternity leave)
Note: The cast changed considerably throughout the program's seven-year run, so not all of the characters listed above appeared at the same time, and even regular cast members did not always appear in every episode, depending upon the mission. The most enduring cast members were Morris and Lupus who appeared in all seasons, while Graves appeared in all but the first season. Season 4 did not feature a regular female role and instead used a number of different actresses (most notably Lee Meriwether who appeared in six episodes as "Tracey"). The character of Casey was not given a first name on screen until her appearance in an episode of the 1980s revival series, that name being Lisa.


[edit] Notable guest stars
Main articles: List of Mission: Impossible guest stars A-M and List of Mission: Impossible guest stars N-Z

[edit] Revival cast
Peter Graves as Jim Phelps
Thaao Penghlis as Nicholas Black
Antony Hamilton as Max Harte (credited as Tony Hamilton)
Phil Morris as Grant Collier
Terry Markwell as Casey Randall (early episodes 1988–1989 season)
Jane Badler as Shannon Reed (1989 - 1990)
Bob Johnson as Voice on Disc (voice only)

[edit] Episodes
Main article: List of Mission: Impossible episodes

[edit] Original novels
A number of original novels based upon the series were published in the late 1960s.

Popular Library published the following between 1967 and 1969:

Mission: Impossible by John Tiger (1967)
Code Name: Judas by Max Walker (1968)
Code Name: Rapier by Walker (1968)
Code Name: Little Ivan by Tiger (1969)
In addition, two hardback novels for young readers were published by Whitman Books, both by Talmage Powell:

The Priceless Particle (1969)
The Money Explosion (1970)
Of the above, only the 1967 John Tiger novel featured the team as led by Dan Briggs; the rest all featured the Jim Phelps-era IMF.


[edit] Related items
Dell Comics published a comic book on a sporadic schedule that lasted from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, although only 5 issues were actually published. (There were actually only four original publications, as the fifth issue was a reprint of the first).

In 1979, Scott Adams released Mission Impossible, a text adventure game that placed the player in the role of a secret agent trying to save the world. Evidently Adams did not have the rights to the name as the game was quickly reissued under the modified name Impossible Mission and later Secret Mission.[4] Beyond the title and the name of "Mr. Phelps" which is mentioned on the tape recording at the very beginning of the game, it had no overt connection to the TV series.

In 1991, video game designer Konami created a Nintendo Entertainment System game called Mission: Impossible, based on the revived series. The game is considered quite well-crafted and challenging. After the 1996 movie, several other games bearing the series name have also appeared, but the general consensus is that their quality is somewhat low, as if the games were made to quickly capitalize on the renewed franchise without delving into scenario possibilities presented by the series. For all the games, see Mission: Impossible (video game).


[edit] Home video
In North America, Mission: Impossible received limited VHS format release in the mid-1990s through Columbia House, and 12 episodes were also released on Laserdisc. DVD release was rumored several times to tie in with the release of the first two Tom Cruise films, but this never occurred. Finally, Paramount Pictures announced in 2004 that it planned to release the TV series on DVD in North America in conjunction with the release of the third feature film, but this was ultimately delayed. Paramount later announced that the first season would be released on September 12, 2006 but this was pushed back and the first season was finally released on Region 1 DVD on December 5, 2006 by CBS Home Entertainment (which has the rights to the Paramount TV library), with distribution by Paramount.

CBS/Paramount released the second season of the original series on DVD on June 5, 2007[1], and the third season was released on October 29, 2007 (released November 20, 2007 in North America) however unlike the first and second seasons the third season release used episodes that had been cut for syndication.[2]

It has also not yet been announced whether the 1980s revival will also see a DVD release.

DVD Name Ep # Release Date
The Complete 1st Season 28 December 5, 2006
The Complete 2nd Season 25 June 5, 2007
The Complete 3rd Season 25 October 29, 2007
The Complete 4th Season 26 May 13, 2008


[edit] Feature films
Main article: Mission: Impossible feature films

Plans for a feature film based upon the TV series was first announced in the 1980s, but no production eventuated. Finally, in the 1990s and 2000s, three feature films, starring Tom Cruise, were produced.


[edit] In popular culture
The cartoon series Freakazoid in Episode {2/#3} has a spoof of Mission: Impossible entitled "Mission:Freakazoid".
Both Mad Magazine and Cracked magazine had spoof episodes of "Mission Impossible". MAD's was entitled Mission: Ridiculous! and was consistent with the show in terms of characters, situations and typical storyline.
The Star Trek: Voyager episode "Future's End" includes a reference to Mission: Impossible, a series that once shared studios and producers with the original Star Trek.
The Get Smart episode, "The Impossible Mission" was a spoof of the series, opening with a "tape scene" ("should you decide not to accept this mission, you're fired!"), and a dossier scene (in which Maxwell Smart tears up one of the photographs).
In the movie versions, the phrase "This mission, should you choose to accept it..." was used instead of the TV series' "Your mission, should you decide to accept it...".
The hand that holds the match that lights the fuse in the title sequence of the first five and half seasons of the original series is Bruce Geller's hand. Another hand was used from mid-season six to the end of the original series. In the 1980s revival, Peter Graves' face is shown, and it's his hand.
In Wayne's World and Wayne's World 2, both versions of the Mission: Impossible theme was used in both movies. In Wayne's World, the 1988 MI theme was used in a scene where Garth and his buddies head to the TV studio to get their TV equipment to put the show back on the air. And in Wayne's World 2, the old theme was used in a scene where Wayne, Garth and the others were spying on Cassandra and her producer "friend", Bobby.

[edit] Notes
^ Wes Britton's SpyWise
^ The Mission: Impossible Dossier
^ "Diagnosis Murder" Discards (1997)
^ Adventure International Memorial - Secret Mission

[edit] Bibliography
Patrick J. White, The Complete Mission: Impossible Dossier. New York: Avon Books, 1991.

[edit] External links
Mission: Impossible (1966) at the Internet Movie Database}
Mission: Impossible at Yahoo! Movies
Mission: Impossible (1988) at the Internet Movie Database
Encyclopedia of Television
Infos about Memorabilia of the show, such as Dell Comics, Toys, Posters etc.
Database and cover gallery for the Dell comic book series
2007 Interview with Peter Lupus by Eddie Lucas



[show]v • d • ePrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series
Pulitzer Prize Playhouse (1951) · Studio One (1952) · Robert Montgomery Presents (1953) · The United States Steel Hour (1954) · The United States Steel Hour (1955) · Producers' Showcase (1956) · Gunsmoke (1958) · Alcoa-Goodyear Theatre (1959) · Playhouse 90 (1960) · Macbeth (1961) · The Defenders (1962) · The Defenders (1963) · The Defenders (1964) · The Fugitive (1966) · Mission: Impossible (1967) · Mission: Impossible (1968) · NET Playhouse (1969) · Marcus Welby, M.D. (1970) · The Bold Ones: The Senator (1971) · Elizabeth R (1972) · The Waltons (1973) · Upstairs, Downstairs (1974) · Upstairs, Downstairs (1975)

Complete list: (1951–1975) · (1976–2000) · (2001–present)
[show]v • d • eThe Mission: Impossible franchise
Television: Mission: Impossible (original series) · Mission: Impossible (1988 TV series)
Films: Mission: Impossible · Mission: Impossible 2 · Mission: Impossible III
Characters: Jim Phelps · Ethan Hunt · Luther Stickell
Video games: Mission: Impossible (NES) · Mission: Impossible (N64, PS1) · Operation Surma

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission:_Impossible"
Categories: 1960s American television series | 1966 television series debuts | 1970s American television series | 1973 television series endings | CBS network shows | Dell Comics titles | Drama television series | Edgar Award winning works | Espionage television series | Mission: Impossible | Television series by CBS Paramount Television
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Editors Note;
Mission;Impossible was a cool show-both new and old.That crap,made with Tom Cruise wasn't Mission Impossible.It was Mission;Improbable.So Tom Cruise can stick the exploding gum up his ass and light the match at the begiining of the series.Who care,if your stupid Scientologist ass is upset,you short dicked idiot.You morons out there made it a hit and made a few shit movies.Mission Impoossable wasn't be Hollywood explosion,special effect stuns,bullet time and all that.It kind of a secret operatives version of the movie the Sting.Don't get caught and pull a con job on the target.None of the targets,ever saw it coming until the last few minutes of the end.That was the point.

My Colonel Gideon Fates kind of like this a team of highly skilled guys pulling off mission important to the world.Sort inspired,not by Doc Savage,Derreck Flint,but Mission;Impossible .

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zk3A6WgifJo



Doc Thompson.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFqAyvfrLXE


Doc Thompson.

the carter tauron/goliath khonn SAGA .PROLOGUE.

the carter tauron/goliath khonn SAGA .PROLOGUE.

Book ONE the lone ranger and the cybernaught
Carter Tauron and Goliath Khonn by Joseph Gilbert Thompson and Carl Edward Thompson

the carter tauron/goliath khonn SAGA .PROLOGUE.
Book ONE the lone ranger and the cybernaught
Carter Tauron and Goliath Khonn by Joseph Gilbert Thompson and Carl Edward Thompson.
Carter Tauron and Goliath




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edit Captain Carter Tauron-Corvaillian Space Mercenary and Terran Federation Ranger,teams up with Delkhonean Cyberknight-Cybernaute Commander Goliath Khonn.The two become the Lone Ranger and Tonto of Outer Space.
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Captain Carter Tauron-fictional character,Corvailian space mercenary,space hero,smuggler,Terran Federation Ranger-kind of a Space Gypsey hero.His race-the Corvaillians,extend from Old Earth's Sleeper Ship program-the pathfinders,who maped and colonized must of deep,explored space.
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the carter tauron/goliath khonn SAGA .PROLOGUE.Book ONE;the lone ranger and the cybernaught 8:15am
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Carter Tauron and Goliath Khonn Mar 18
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the carter tauron/goliath khonn SAGA .PROLOGUE.Book ONE;the lone ranger and the cybernaught Edit



Carter Tauron and Goliath Khonn by Joseph Gilbert Thompson and Carl Edward Thompson



the carter tauron/goliath khonn SAGA .PROLOGUE.

BASED ON MATERIAL FIRST WRITTEN IN 1985.

Book ONE;the lone ranger and the cybernaught

By

Carl EDWARD . THOMPSON and Joe GILBERT. Thompson







c. 2008 Maveric Lion Productions





The Lone Terran Ranger





Carter Tauron and Goliath-Lone Terran Federation Ranger and his Imperial Delkohean Cyberknight companion-Captain Carter Tauron-Corvaillian Privateer and Terran Federation Ranger,who flies about righting injustices in the Colonial Fronteir of the Terran Federation, usually with the aid of a clever and laconic,coldly logical cyborg armored warrior named Goliath Khonn.

Chapter One



The hero is a Terran Federation Ranger named Carter Tauron-a Corvaillian Privateer,with a small,tramp freighter for hire,begins to take infrequent jobs hunting outlaws,when hauling cargo or taking on mercenary work, who, as the series begins, was pursuing the criminal Butch Carver and his gang with a Gorthan Star Pirate,making hit and run raids upon the Free Federation of Space rag tag star fleet-a space caravan of variouis star ships.cargo haulers,mercenary troop ships,cargo barges and so forth and disrupt the trade route of the Colonial Alliances.

Captain Tauron,knowing how to stop them,joins a fleet of his fellow Terran Federation Ranger tramp freighters to help track them down.Caught unexpected by a fleet of Gorthan Pirate Ships,Carter Tauron’s SS Gypsie Queen II,is only tramp freight to survive-helped a mysterious lone,Delkhonean Star ship,entering the battle as well,during the fight.

Incidents,become comfused,as the mysterious Delkhon Star Ship,mistakes Taurons ship for the enemy,because it’s communication systems and star ship ID transmitters are damaged.Two,have an interstellar dogfight over a small,desert world-an abandoned and remote world known as Scalvon 4.The two ships crashland,after Carter Tauron,managed to disable the Delkhoneans engine room section.,but Taurons two warp naccelles are shot up by the Delkhon,still able to manuever,by way of impulse drive power.Two star ships crashland upon the desert world,amid a vast junkyard of star ships.Thuosands of star ships-Corvaillian Cargo Haulers,Delkhonean Trooper Carriers,Terran Federation Sleeper Class ships,mixed with Kaladon Empire Scout Ships,Alderhon Star Fighter and Stalker Class star ships-enough to rebuild a massive fleet of ships,ten times bigger than the the Free Federation of Space Gypsie star fleet.

But before, Captain Carter Tauron and personal The ships AI-Artificial Intelligence Systems Mac type 41 or just plain Mac’s remote droid,imforms of the Imperial Delkhon Cyberknight apporaoiching his direction.

To be continued …



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I hate to post message up, but I could not find a link page here-so to tell about I post this up. I posted a few various logo designs you might want to look over. And there links to various groups-hey if you come over, you'll never know what's there...pilgrims


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Dyson sphere Edit



Dyson sphere
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Terra Prime is a Dysonsphere.
A Dyson Sphere is a colossal spherical structure constructed around a star, completely surrounding it. The interior of the sphere would absorb the entire energy output of that star, allowing for lifeforms to live on the interior surface almost indefinitely. Such a structure was theorized by 20th century physicist Freeman Dyson in the late 1950s.

For the interior of a Dyson Sphere to be habitable to most humanoid lifeforms, the radius of the sphere must be such that habitable temperatures (5 – 30 °C) are maintained. The radius would therefore depend on the size and the energy output of the star around which the sphere would be constructed; if a Dyson Sphere were to be constructed around the Terran sun, the radius would have to be approximately one astronomical unit. At such a radius, the interior surface area would be about 7 × 1016 km2, or 550 million times the entire surface area of the planet Earth. Such a surface area could easily support the lives of many quadrillions of beings.

Unsurprisingly, due to the almost immeasurable amounts of effort, resources and time required to construct such an immense structure, only one Dyson Sphere has ever been discovered. This particular sphere encased a G-type star and had a diameter of 200 million kilometers, giving it an internal surface area of approximately 250 million Terran class planets. As no radiant sunlight or solar wind escaped from the sphere, starships were not able to detect it until they were almost on top of it.As with the Dyson Sphere of Terra-Prime,the Nebula known as the Vault of Heavens,often masks outside detection.

A sphere of 1.33 AUs in diameter would be immens.The surface would appear to be perfectly flat for millions of miles. It is worth noting that the materials needed to enclose every single point in space that far away from a star would require the entire mass of many, many, many planets - probably all of the non-stellar matter in the system would have to be converted into sphere components.

Additionally, a Dyson Sphere would retain all energy produced by the star, and would somehow have to radiate much of this into space to maintain a habitable surface temperature. One possible way of conserving such vast quantities of energy without emitting any visible radiation (as seen on-screen) would be to convert all the energy to mass - essentially using a replicator-like technology to create the many, many, many planets' worth of matter necessary to construct the whole sphere.


A cut-away diagram of an idealized Dyson shell, a variant on Dyson's original concept, with a radius of 1 AU.
Look up Dyson sphere in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.A Dyson sphere (or shell as it appeared in the original paper) is a hypothetical megastructure that was originally described by Freeman Dyson as a system of orbiting solar power satellites meant to completely encompass a star and capture its entire energy output. Dyson speculated that such structures would be the logical consequence of the long-term survival of technological civilizations, and proposed that searching for evidence of the existence of such structures might lead to the detection of advanced intelligent extraterrestrial life.

Since then, other variant designs involving building an artificial structure — or a series of structures — to encompass a star have been proposed in exploratory engineering or described in science fiction under the name Dyson sphere. These are not limited to solar power stations - many involve a habitation or industrial element. Most fictional depictions of a Dyson sphere describe a solid shell of matter enclosing a star (see diagram at right), which is the least plausible variant of the idea, due to the immense amount of solid matter required to form such a huge shell.

Contents
[hide]
1 Origin of concept
2 Variants
2.1 Dyson swarm
2.2 Dyson shell
2.3 Dyson bubble
2.4 Other types
3 Search for extra-terrestrial intelligence
4 Fiction
5 See also
6 References
7 External links



[edit] Origin of concept
See also: Future energy development
The concept of the Dyson sphere was the result of a thought experiment by physicist and mathematician Freeman Dyson, where he noted that every human technological civilization has constantly increased its demand for energy. He reasoned that if human civilization were to survive long enough, there would come a time when it required the total energy output of the sun. Thus, he proposed a system of orbiting structures designed to intercept and collect all energy produced by the sun.

Dyson is credited with being the first to formalize the concept of the Dyson sphere in his 1959 paper "Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infra-Red Radiation", published in the journal Science.[1] However, Dyson was inspired by the mention of the concept in the 1937 science fiction novel Star Maker, by Olaf Stapledon, and possibly by the works of J. D. Bernal and Raymond Z. Gallun who seem to have explored similar concepts in their work.[2]

A spherical shell Dyson sphere in our solar system with a radius of one astronomical unit would have a surface area of at least 2.72x1017 km2, or around 600 million times the surface area of the Earth. This would intercept the full 4x1026 watts of the Sun's output; other variant designs would intercept less, but the shell variant represents the maximum possible energy captured for our solar system at this point of the Sun's evolution.[3] To put this figure in perspective, it is approximately 33x1012 times the total energy consumption of humanity in 1998 which was 12x1012 W.[4] Dyson's proposal did not detail how such a system would be constructed, but focused only on issues of energy collection.[1]

While it is believed that some of these design variants are impractical, if not physically impossible, some designs do not require any major breakthroughs in our basic scientific understanding for their construction. Spacecraft and satellites using photovoltaics can be seen as a first small step in this direction.[5] In general, however, such power sources are not economically competitive with current Earth based ones (see Solar power satellite).[6]


[edit] Variants
In many fictional accounts, the Dyson sphere concept is most often interpreted as an artificial hollow sphere of matter around a star (see diagram at top of page). This perception is a misinterpretation of Dyson's original concept. In response to letters prompted by his original paper, Dyson replied, "A solid shell or ring surrounding a star is mechanically impossible. The form of 'biosphere' which I envisaged consists of a loose collection or swarm of objects traveling on independent orbits around the star."[7]

There are several variants on Dyson's original concept that have been proposed over the years, which differ based on their composition and method of construction. While the most often depicted variant — the Dyson shell — is considered by many to be impractical or even impossible, other proposed design variants of the sphere based on orbiting satellites or solar sails do not require any major theoretical breakthroughs in our scientific understanding.[5] However, such constructs, on the scale of the solar system, are well beyond our present-day industrial needs or capabilities. It is also likely that there are unforeseen industrial scaling difficulties in such a construction project, and that our current understanding of industrial automation is insufficient to build the self-maintaining systems needed for the sphere's upkeep.


[edit] Dyson swarm

A Dyson Ring — the simplest form of the Dyson Swarm — to scale. Orbit is 1 AU in radius, collectors are 1.0×107 km in diameter (~25× the Earth-Moon distance), spaced 3 degrees from center to center around the orbital circle.

A relatively simple arrangement of multiple Dyson Rings of the type pictured above, to form a more complex Dyson Swarm. Rings' orbital radii are spaced 1.5×107 km with regards to one another, but average orbital radius is still 1 AU. Rings are rotated 15 degrees relative to one another, around a common axis of rotation.
The variant closest to Dyson's original conception is the "Dyson swarm". It consists of a large number of independent constructs (usually solar power satellites and space habitats) orbiting in a dense formation around the star. This approach to the construction of a Dyson sphere has several advantages: the components making it up could range widely in individual size and design, and such a sphere could be constructed incrementally over a long period of time.[5] Various forms of wireless energy transfer could be used in order to transfer energy between constructs.

Such a swarm is not without drawbacks. The nature of orbital mechanics would make the arrangement of the orbits of the swarm extremely complex. The simplest such arrangement is the Dyson ring in which all such structures share the same orbit. More complex patterns with more rings would intercept more of the star's output, but would result in some constructs eclipsing others periodically when their orbits overlap.[8] Another potential problem is the increasing loss of orbital stability as adding more orbiting constructs increases the probability of orbital perturbations of other constructs.

As noted below, such a cloud of collectors would alter the light emitted by the star system, but as can be seen here, it is unlikely that such an alteration would be complete, and that some of the star's natural light would still be present in the system's emitted spectrum.[1]


[edit] Dyson shell
The variant of the Dyson sphere most often depicted in fiction is the "Dyson shell": a uniform solid shell of matter around the star (see diagram at top of page).[3] Unlike the Dyson swarm, such a structure would completely alter the emissions of the central star, and would intercept 100% of the star's energy output. Such a structure would also provide an immense surface which many envision being used for habitation, if the surface could be made habitable. There are several serious theoretical difficulties with the solid shell variant of the Dyson sphere:

Such a shell would have no net gravitational interaction with its englobed sun (see the divergence theorem applied to gravity), and could drift in relation to the central star. If such movements went uncorrected, they could eventually result in a collision between the sphere and the star — most likely with disastrous results. Such structures would need either some form of propulsion to counteract any drift, or some way to repel the surface of the sphere away from the star.[9]

For the same reason, such a shell would have no net gravitational interaction with anything else inside it. The contents of any biosphere placed on the inner surface of a Dyson shell would not be attracted to the sphere's surface and would simply fall into the star. It has been proposed that a biosphere could be contained between two concentric spheres, placed on the interior of a rotating sphere (in which case, the force of artificial "gravity" is perpendicular to the axis of rotation, causing all matter placed on the interior of the sphere to pool around the equator, effectively rendering the sphere a Niven ring for purposes of habitation, but still fully effective as a radiant energy collector) or placed on the outside of the sphere where it would be held in place by the star's gravity.[10][11] In such cases, some form of illumination would have to be devised, or the sphere made at least partly transparent, as the star's light would otherwise be completely hidden.[12]

The compressive strength of the material forming the sphere would have to be immense. Any arbitrarily selected point on the surface of the sphere can be viewed as being under the pressure of the base of a dome 1 AU in height under the Sun's gravity at that distance. Indeed it can be viewed as being at the base of an infinite number of arbitrarily selected domes, but as much of the force from any one arbitrary dome is counteracted by those of another, the net force on that point is immense, but finite. No known or theorized material is strong enough to withstand this pressure, and form a rigid, static sphere around a star.[13] It has been proposed by Paul Birch (in relation to smaller "Supra-Jupiter" constructions around a large planet rather than a star) that it may be possible to support a Dyson shell by dynamic means similar to those used in a space fountain.[14] Masses traveling in circular tracks on the inside of the sphere, at velocities significantly greater than orbital velocity, would press outwards due to centrifugal force. For a Dyson shell of 1AU radius around a star with the same mass as the Sun, mass traveling ten times orbital velocity (300 km/s) would support 99 (a=v2/r) times its own mass in additional shell structure. The arrangement of such tracks suffers from the same difficulties as arranging the orbits of a Dyson swarm, and it is unclear how much energy would be consumed ensuring the velocity of the masses was maintained.

There may not be sufficient building material in the Solar system to construct a Dyson shell. Dyson's original estimate was that there was enough material in the Solar system for a 1 AU shell 3 meters thick, but this included hydrogen and helium which are unlikely to be much use as building material. Anders Sandberg estimates that there is 1.82×1026 kg of usable building material in the Solar system, enough for a 1 AU shell with a surface density of 600 kg/m²—about 8–20 cm thick depending on the density of the material. This includes the cores of the gas giants, which may be hard to access; the inner planets alone provide only 11.79×1024 kg, enough for a 1 AU shell with a surface density of just 42 kg/m².[15]


[edit] Dyson bubble

A Dyson Bubble: an arrangement of statites around a star, in a non-orbital pattern. Note: so long as a statite has an unobstructed line-of-sight to its star, it can hover at any point in space near its star. This relatively simple arrangement is only one of an infinite number of possible statite configurations, and is meant as a contrast for a Dyson Swarm only. Statites are pictured as the same size as the collectors pictured above, and arranged at a uniform 1 AU distance from the star.
A third type of Dyson sphere is the "Dyson bubble". It would be similar to a Dyson swarm, composed of many independent constructs (usually solar power satellites and space habitats) and likewise could be constructed incrementally.

Unlike the Dyson swarm, the constructs making it up are not in orbit around the star, but would be statites—satellites suspended by use of enormous light sails using radiation pressure to counteract the star's pull of gravity. Such constructs would not be in danger of collision or of eclipsing one another; they would be totally stationary with regard to the star, and independent of one another. As the ratio of radiation pressure and the force of gravity from a star are constant regardless of the distance (provided the statite has an unobstructed line-of-sight to the surface of its star[16]), such statites could also vary their distance from their central star.

The practicality of this approach is questionable with modern material science, but cannot yet be ruled out. A statite deployed around our own sun would have to have an overall density of 0.78 grams per square meter of sail.[9] To illustrate the low mass of the required materials, consider that the total mass of a bubble of such material 1 AU in radius would be about 2.17×1020 kg, which is about the same mass as the asteroid Pallas.[15]

Such a material is currently beyond our ability to produce; the lightest carbon-fiber light sail material currently produced has a density — without payload — of 3 g/m², or about five times heavier than would be needed to construct a solar statite.[17]

However, there has been some speculation about the creation of ultra light carbon nanotube meshes through molecular manufacturing techniques whose density would be below 0.1 g/m².[18] If production of such materials on an industrial scale is feasible, and such materials could be used in light sails, the average sail density with rigging might be kept to 0.3 g/m² (a "spin stabilized" light sail requires minimal additional mass in rigging). If such a sail could be constructed at this areal density, a space habitat the size of the L5 Society's proposed O'Neill cylinder–500 km², with room for over 1 million inhabitants, massing 3×106 tons–could be supported by a circular light sail 3,000 km in diameter, with a combined sail/habitat mass of 5.4×109 kg[19]. For comparison, this is just slightly smaller than the diameter of Jupiter's moon Europa (although the sail is a flat disc, not a sphere), or the distance between San Francisco and Kansas City. Such a structure would, however, have a mass quite a lot less than many asteroids. While the construction of such a massive inhabitable statite would be a gigantic undertaking, and the required material science behind it is as yet uncertain, its technical challenges are slight compared to other engineering feats and required materials proposed in other Dyson sphere variants.

If the statites which form the Dyson bubble are propagated until they completely surround the star, then the Dyson bubble becomes a form of Dyson shell. Unlike the standard notion of a Dyson shell, however, such a structure would be non-rigid.


[edit] Other types
Another possibility is the "Dyson net", a web of cables strung about the star which could have power or heat collection units strung between the cables. The Dyson net reduces to a special case of Dyson shell or bubble, however, depending on how the cables are supported against the sun's gravity.

The Ringworld, or Niven ring, could be considered a particular kind of Dyson sphere. Larry Niven, who first developed the concept, described it as "an intermediate step between Dyson Spheres and planets".[20] The ringworld could perhaps be described as a slice of a Dyson Sphere (taken through its equator), spun for artificial gravity, and used mainly for habitation as opposed to energy collection. Like the Dyson Shell, the Niven ring is inherently unstable without active measures keeping it in position with regards to its central star — a fact recognized by Larry Niven and addressed in the sequels to his novel on the concept, Ringworld.[21]

Stellar engines are a class of hypothetical megastructures, whose purpose is to extract useful energy from a star, sometimes for specific purposes. For example, Matrioshka brains extract energy for purposes of computation; Shkadov thrusters extract energy for purposes of propulsion. Some of the proposed stellar engine designs are based on the Dyson sphere.[22]


[edit] Search for extra-terrestrial intelligence
In Dyson's original paper, he speculated that sufficiently advanced extraterrestrial civilizations would likely follow a similar power consumption pattern as humans, and would eventually build their own sphere of collectors. Constructing such a system would make such a civilization a Type II Kardashev civilization.[23]

The existence of such a system of collectors would alter the light emitted from the star system. Collectors would absorb, and re-radiate, energy from the star.[1] The wavelength(s) of radiation emitted by the collectors would be determined by the emission spectra of the substances making them up, and the temperature of the collectors. Since it seems most likely that these collectors would be made up of heavy elements not normally found in the emission spectra of their central star — or at least not radiating light at such relatively "low" energies as compared to that which they would be emitting as energetic free nuclei in the stellar atmosphere — there would be atypical wavelengths of light for the star's spectral type in the light spectrum emitted by the star system. If the percentage of the star's output thus filtered or transformed by this absorption and re-radiation was significant, it could be detected at interstellar distances.[1]

Given the amount of energy available per square meter at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun, it is possible to calculate that most known substances would be re-radiating energy in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, a Dyson Sphere, constructed by life forms not dissimilar to humans, who dwelled in proximity to a Sun like star, made with materials similar to those available to humans, would most likely cause an increase in the amount of infrared radiation in the star system's emitted spectrum. Hence, Dyson selected the title "Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation" for his published paper.[1]

SETI has adopted these assumptions in their search, looking for such "infrared heavy" spectra from solar analogs. As of 2005 Fermilab has an ongoing survey for such spectra by analyzing data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS).[24]


[edit] Fiction
Main article: Dyson spheres in fiction
As noted above, the Dyson sphere originated in fiction,[25][26] and it is a concept that has appeared often in science fiction since then (see Dyson spheres in fiction for listed examples). In fictional accounts, Dyson spheres are most often depicted as a Dyson shell with the gravitational and engineering difficulties noted above with this variant, largely ignored.[3]

for losers, asteroids are where the action will be at. A civilization with space travel and nanotech would have no problem detecting asteroids. Anyone have numbers on the resolution of a telescope array spanning our asteroid belt?


Gas giants can be harvested only with the greatest of difficulty. They would be a secondary stage in the dismantling of a solar system since you need lots of startup material. You start by building a giant space station in orbit. Then you lower a SkyHook? several kilometers into the atmosphere. Then you collect, solidify and move the carbon up to orbit through the SkyHook?. This is an extremely time-consuming and resource intensive process. By comparison, a probe that landed on Earth could immediately build solar collectors, take over the biosphere within a a few days, then start stripping the planet by shooting it into orbit using railguns. This is only possible because you can be where the carbon is abundant and still receive light.


If one went to the effort then Uranus would be useful to harvest, quite unlike Jupiter which is made up of > 99% non-metals (hydrogen and helium).


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Is this >99% mass or >99% volume we're talking about here? In any case I think that a 99% atmosphere to core ratio is too high of an estimate.


That's 99% of the entire planet's bulk mass. Jupiter has a liquid hydrogen core. If Jupiter actually had a solid core made of metal then believing it to make up as much as 1% of its bulk mass would be crazily overoptimistic. Jupiter is basically a proto-sun.


Can anyone expand a little on spectral analysis in this context? Is it any easier to detect the presence of hydrogen than it is to detect say, carbon or iron?


Say a nanoprobe already has enough hydrogen (collected from solar winds via a "sail" during its travels, or whatever). Could the gas of a Gas Giant be converted into a more useful state through oxidation? How long would it take to burn Jupiter's atmosphere, using powerful lasers or orbital nuclear bombardment to ignite the atmosphere?


Jupiter has little or no oxygen and any oxygen it has is already be bound in H2O so there is no free oxygen to oxidize anything.


I remember some kind of speculation that a GG's core might be a very dense material like diamond, this would be useful building material. I'll try to find more info on this. -- CarstenKlapp


The emphasis is on like diamond. I bet they're talking about metallic hydrogen.


No, the speculation is that there might be some sort of solid core, made of heavier elements, lower down than the metallic hydrogen. But it would only be about terrestrial-sized, isn't that easy to get to, and would undoubtedly undergo phase changes if you tried to take it out.


I found a page that said something to that effect except it didn't have any details (not even the hypothetical size). Are there any useful references on the web about planetary composition? I never took the astrophysics class and I didn't even recall that Jupiter and Uranus had very different composition.


Only thing I care to find at the moment is http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/nineplanets.html


I don't know who started it, but I first read about a possible diamond core for Jupiter in ArthurCeeClarke's 2010: Oddesey Two. As I recall, he hypothesized that over the millennia all the carbon that used to be in the atmosphere worked its way downwards to the core (through gravitation) and were compacted into a big diamond of around the size of the Earth. -- GavinLambert


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How would oxidation help you? There isn't much oxygen available. Remember, it's almost all hydrogen.


I was thinking about burning off the atmosphere as an easier way to get at the core, and burning it would also convert the gas into something else hopefully more useful. -- Carsten


Now, if your nanoprobe can utilize fusion to transform hydrogen into other elements, you can get away with this. Presumably, this is what Clarke's TMA2 (I can't remember the Russian name he gave to it later) did to Jupiter. -- RobertWatkins


Wasn't that the Monolith? -- GavinLambert


Assuming you're talking about using hydrogen in fusion reactors then it's too slow and inefficient. Using tons of material in order to create (micro?)grams of metal (anything heavier than helium) per year is a losing proposition. If you're just talking about igniting Jupiter (eg, using a black hole) then why not fling it into the sun and be done with it? See also MegaStructures


"Fling it into the sun and be done with it." (An AI with a sense of humour, I love it! THIS PLANET IS IRRELEVANT. LOL. BEGIN DISPOSAL PROCEDURE. LOL.) -- Carsten

The main point of stellifying Jupiter is getting more energy out of it. Flinging it into the sun won't work; that is, it won't get you a lot more energy than the sun is already producing; considering that you will have to deal with its kinetic energy, Mv*v/2, I dare say that it's not what you'd want to do. -- MihaiCiumeica


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Getting back to the title topic for a moment - why would you want a Dyson sphere? Put a big magnetic bottle around the sun and drain it into a few thousand Jupiters and you can mine them for hydrogen as you need it to run your streetlights and space heaters for trillions of years (or even higher powers of 1000, depending on your population). StripMineTheSun?!


Obviously you've missed the fact that the sun is a thermonuclear fusion reactor. An eminently safe, cheap and utterly practical one that ALREADY EXISTS. We don't have to deal with containment, radiation, fuel, waste, radioactivity, nor even construction. All we have to do is gather the generated power. So why would we want to demolish a WORKING giant nuclear fusion reactor in order to create lots of hypothetical useless itty bitty ones?


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[edit] See also
Megascale engineering
Star lifting
Stellar engineering
Technological singularity
Alderson disk
Klemperer rosette
Globus Cassus
Hollow Earth



[edit] References
^ a b c d e f Freemann J. Dyson (1960). "Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infra-Red Radiation". Science 131: 1667–1668. doi:10.1126/science.131.3414.1667.
^ Dyson FAQ: Was Dyson First?. Retrieved on 2006-09-01.
^ a b c Dyson FAQ: What is a Dyson Sphere?. Retrieved on 2007-07-26.
^ Order of Magnitude Morality. Retrieved on 2007-10-06.
^ a b c Dyson FAQ: Can a Dyson sphere be built using realistic technology?. Retrieved on 2006-09-01.
^ Landis, Geoffrey A.. "Reinventing the Solar Power Satellite". NASA TM-2004-212743, February 2004.
^ F. J. Dyson, J. Maddox, P. Anderson, E. A. Sloane (1960). "Letters and Response, Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation". Science 132: 250–253. doi:10.1126/science.132.3421.252-a.
^ Some Sketches of Dyson Spheres. Retrieved on 2007-10-06.
^ a b Dyson Sphere FAQ: Is a Dyson sphere stable?. Retrieved on 2007-10-06.
^ Drashner, Todd; Steve Bowers, Mike Parisi, M. Alan Kazlev. Dyson Sphere. Orion's Arm. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
^ Badescu, Viorel; Richard B. Cathcart. Space travel with solar power and a dyson sphere. Astronomy Today. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
^ Fermi Conclusions. Retrieved on 2007-10-06.
^ Dyson FAQ: How strong does a rigid Dyson shell need to be?. Retrieved on 2006-03-08.
^ Supramundane Planets (ZIP). Retrieved on 2006-03-02.
^ a b Sandberg, Anders. Is there enough matter in the solar system to build a Dyson shell?. Dyson Sphere FAQ. Retrieved on 2006-08-13.
^ Sunlight Exerts Pressure. Retrieved on 2006-03-02.
^ Clark, Greg (2000). SPACE.com Exclusive: Breakthrough In Solar Sail Technology. Space.com. Retrieved on 2006-03-02.
^ Researchers produce strong, transparent carbon nanotube sheets. PhysOrg.com (2005). Retrieved on 2006-03-02.
^ Dinkin, Sam (2006). The Space Review: The high risk frontier. Thespacereview.com. Retrieved on 2006-03-18.
^ Larry Niven. "Bigger than Worlds", Analog, March 1974.
^ Dyson Sphere FAQ: Other Dyson Sphere-Like Concepts. Retrieved on 2007-10-06.
^ Stellar engine. The Internet Encyclopedia of Science. Retrieved on 2007-10-08.
^ Kardashev, Nikolai. "On the Inevitability and the Possible Structures of Supercivilizations", The search for extraterrestrial life: Recent developments; Proceedings of the Symposium, Boston, MA, June 18-21, 1984 (A86-38126 17-88). Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1985, p. 497-504.
^ Carrigan, D. (2006). Fermilab Dyson Sphere search program. Retrieved on 2006-03-02.
^ Olaf Stapledon. Star Maker
^ J. D. Bernal, "The World, the Flesh, and the Devil"

[edit] External links
Dyson Sphere FAQ
Dyson Sphere
Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infra-Red Radiation
Matrioshka Brains
Dyson Shell Supercomputers as the Dominant "Life Form" in Galaxies
Toroidal Dyson Swarms simulations using Java applets
Outside Dyson shells
Dyson Sphere article at Memory Alpha, a Star Trek wiki

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Case Study: The Dyson Sphere



Case Study: The Dyson Sphere
"That's all well and good", you might say, "but this is a sci-fi website, not an ancient history website." True enough, so let's leave the dreary Egyptian desert and boldly go where no man has gone before. First stop: the Dyson Sphere. The Dyson Sphere was a spectacularly massive structure. In fact, it is the most massive structure I can recall seeing in sci-fi, even bigger than Unicron or any of the mighty worldships of Galactus. It was featured in the TNG episode "Relics", and no one knows who built it, or how old it is. The only thing we do know is that its builders must have wielded forces and engineering skills far beyond any of their counterparts in the Star Trek universe. Contrary to certain popular (albeit painfully simple minded) beliefs, the difficulty of constructing such a vast structure does not end with the procurement of the necessary raw materials.

This is a spherical shell with 100 million km radius. Let's imagine that its wall thickness is 2 km, and its shell has the same density as iron (yeah, I know, it's suposed to be "carbon neutronium", as if it makes sense to combine a lightweight element with superdense degenerate matter). Anyway, the mass of an iron shell would be roughly 2E30 kg, or one solar mass! Not only is this an absolutely staggering amount of resources to call into action (it suggests they'd be able to build stars at will, in places of their choosing, since they can summon up solar masses of engineering materials), but it would require staggering material strength.

It is tempting to imagine that it is rotating about its axis to generate artificial gravity, but if that were so, the resulting centripetal force would be unsuitable for the creation of a uniform M-class environment on the sphere's interior. The problem is that if we visualize the axis of rotation as vertical, then the centripetal force will be horizontal. At the equator, this will work perfectly. But if we move away from the equator toward the poles, we will see that direction of the centripetal force vector diverges farther and farther away from the "surface normal" of the sphere. In other words, as your latitude increases, the proportion of the centripetal force that acts like gravity will decrease, and the proportion of the centripetal force that slides you sideways along the surface (toward the equator) will increase, as shown below:



One look at the diagram and the problem should be obvious: all of the atmosphere, oceans, and other surface material will eventually end up in a thin band around the equator of the sphere. This is obviously unacceptable; there's no point building such a huge structure if 99.9% of it will be uninhabitable. Unlike Niven's far more realistic Ringworld, the Dyson Sphere cannot possibly generate its surface gravity through rotation. Therefore, the Dyson Sphere must have near-zero angular velocity in order to keep from pushing all of its material toward its equator, and it must use something other than the centrifuge principle to generate its artificial gravity.

So if there is no centrifuge stress, would there be any stress? The answer is yes, because an object of such stupendous size will generate significant gravity, which will add to the existing gravity of the star at its centre. Since the sphere's radius is only 2/3 of an A.U., its sun would have less than half of our Sun's luminosity (or the oceans on the sphere's inner surface would have evapourated), so it would probably have less than half our Sun's mass as well. This means that its mass is roughly 1E30 kg.

From an engineering standpoint, the Dyson Sphere can be thought of as a thin-walled spherical pressure vessel, and the gravitational force can be thought of as the "pressure" (once it's divided by the internal surface area, of course). The mass of the sphere is 2E30 kg, the mass of the star is 1E30 kg, and the radius is 1E11 m, so Newton's law of gravitation gives us 1.33E28 N. The internal surface area of the sphere is 1.26E23 m², so the equivalent "pressure" would be roughly 106 kPa.

Now, that's not a lot of pressure (it's roughly 1 bar), but it's acting over an enormous surface, and that comes into play when you try to calculate the resulting stress in the sphere wall. The equation for in-plane stress in a thin-walled spherical pressure vessel is pr/2t where p = pressure, r = radius and t = shell thickness, so the tensile stress on the shell would be roughly 2.65 TPa! To put this in perspective, it's roughly ten thousand times the yield strength of structural steel. Not bad, eh? It's also insensitive to the exact wall thickness of the sphere, because a thicker wall will increase the load-bearing area but it will also increase the mass of the sphere and hence the load (a full derivation would show the wall thickness term cancelling out).

As if it isn't enough to need steel which is ten thousand times stronger than normal, we still have to consider the construction problem: how would you build such a beast? A full sphere would have at least twice the mass of the star but the effect of its gravity on the star would be symmetrical and therefore nullified, so that the star isn't disrupted. However, what if they've got only one quarter of the sphere done? That would pull the star to one side, severely disrupting it in the process. They would have to carefully balance the construction of countless trillions of balanced segments around the star as they build the sphere so that symmetry is preserved at all times, and they would have to use huge engines to hold these pieces in place until they can be joined together into the finished sphere.

We can build a ping-pong ball today, but that doesn't mean we'll ever be able to build a Dyson Sphere (although, to be honest, Ringworld is a much better idea anyway).



Editors Note;

Not for the dysonsphere known as Terra-Prime.a Ringworld would not be big enough to fit all the worlds I wish place upon this artificial world.

Doc Thompson.


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MAVERICCOMICSINCSTUDIOS@groups.msn.com

MavericEntertainmentGroup@groups.msn.com

http://groups.msn.com/MAVERICCOMICSINCSTUDIOS/_whatsnew.msnw


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..> Group name
Maveric Entertainment Group

Description
Welcome to Maveric Entertainment Group. Whether you are a manager, member, or visitor here, we hope you enjoy this MSN group. Maveric Entertainment Group-links to all things Maveric Comics, Maveric Entertainment Media,

Welcome to Maveric Entertainment Group. Whether you are a manager, member, or visitor here, we hope you enjoy this MSN group. Maveric Entertainment Group-links to all things Maveric Comics, Maveric Entertainment Media,

Public website
None
Get a promotion box for your website

Group address
Current web address:
http://groups.google.com/group/MavericEntertainmentGroup

Current email address:
MavericEntertainmentGroup@googlegroups.com



Maveric Entertainment, Inc All right reserved.

· Maveric Enterprises, Inc.

· Maveric Entertainment Group, Inc.

All contents -- and © 2007 Maveric Characters, Inc., unless otherwise noted herein. All rights reserved.
· COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARK NOTICES

Except as noted, all books, titles, characters, character names, slogans, logos, and related indicia are trademarks of and copyright Maveric Comics and/or Maveric Lion Productions, an imprint of Maveric Entertainment, Inc All right reserved.

· Maveric Enterprises, Inc.

· Maveric Entertainment Group, Inc

All contents -- and © 2007 Maveric Characters, Inc., unless otherwise noted herein. All rights reserved.

Maveric Comics TRADEMARKS.

The Maveric Lion logo is a trademark of copyright Maveric Comics and/or Maveric Lion Productions, an imprint of Maveric Entertainment, Inc All right reserved. .

Idiots are a trademark of Idiots Productions.Inc.

Happy Hanover is a trademark of Happy Hanover Comics. Happy Hanover Production, Inc

''Life With Jonesie"" is a trademark of 'Life With Jonesie'' Comics.

· The Tina Small Collector is a trademark of The Tina Small Collector Production,Inc.

All right reserved

Trademarked in the U.S. and/or other countries. All other trademarks referenced herein are the properties of their respective owners.
Entire contents trademarked (® or TM) and copyrighted (©) 1986-2007 by Maveric Comics, Inc. and its respective Licensors.
· All contents -- and © 2007 Maveric Characters, Inc.,

Unless otherwise noted herein. All rights reserved.

Maveric Entertainment Group

Posted by NINE9INCHE STUD at 6:19 PM 1 comments






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